reference

general purpose reference to Lua object in registry

reference
class reference;

This type keeps around a reference to something inside of Lua, whether that object was on the stack or already present as an object in the Lua Runtime. It places the object Lua registry and will keep it alive.

It is the backbone for all things that reference items on the stack that need to be kept around beyond their appearance and lifetime on said Lua stack or need to be kept alive outside of a script beyond garbage collection times. Its progeny include sol::coroutine, sol::function, sol::protected_function, sol::object, sol::table/sol::global_table, sol::thread, and sol::(light_)userdata, which are type-specific versions of sol::reference.

Note that if you need to keep a reference to something inside of Lua, it is better to use sol::reference or sol::object to keep a reference to it and then use the obj.as<T>() member function to retrieve what you need than to take a direct dependency on the memory by retrieving a pointer or reference to the userdata itself. This will ensure that if a script or the Lua Runtime is finished with an object, it will not be garbage collected. Do this only if you need long-term storage.

For all of these types, there’s also a sol::stack_{x} version of them, such as sol::stack_table. They are useful for a small performance boost at the cost of not having a strong reference, which has implications for what happens when the item is moved off of the stack. See sol::stack_reference for more details.

members

constructor: reference
reference(lua_State* L, int index = -1);
reference(lua_State* L, lua_nil_t);
reference(lua_State* L, absolute_index index);
reference(lua_State* L, raw_index index);
reference(lua_State* L, ref_index index);
template <typename Object>
reference(Object&& o);
template <typename Object>
reference(lua_State* L, Object&& o);

The first constructor creates a reference from the Lua stack at the specified index, saving it into the metatable registry. The second attemtps to register something that already exists in the registry. The third attempts to reference a pre-existing object and create a reference to it. These constructors are exposed on all types that derive from sol::reference, meaning that you can grab tables, functions, and coroutines from the registry, stack, or from other objects easily.

Note

Note that the last constructor has lua_xmove safety built into it. You can pin an object to a certain thread (or the main thread) by initializing it with sol::reference pinned(state, other_reference_object);. This ensures that other_reference_object will exist in the state/thread of state. Also note that copy/move assignment operations will also use pinning semantics if it detects that the state of the object on the right is lua_xmove compatible. (But, the reference object on the left must have a valid state as well. You can have a nil reference with a valid state by using the sol::reference pinned(state, sol::lua_nil) constructor as well.) This applies for any sol::reference derived type.

You can un-pin and null the state by doing ref = sol::lua_nil;. This applies to all derived types, including sol::(protected_)function, sol::thread, sol::object, sol::table, and similar.

function: push referred-to element from the stack
int push() const noexcept;

This function pushes the referred-to data onto the stack and returns how many things were pushed. Typically, it returns 1.

function: reference value
int registry_index() const noexcept;

The value of the reference in the registry.

functions: non-nil, non-null check
bool valid () const noexcept;
explicit operator bool () const noexcept;

These functions check if the reference at T is valid: that is, if it is not nil and if it is not non-existing (doesn’t refer to anything, including nil) reference. The explicit operator bool allows you to use it in the context of an if ( my_obj ) context.

function: retrieves the type
type get_type() const noexcept;

Gets the sol::type of the reference; that is, the Lua reference.

function: lua_State* of the reference
lua_State* lua_state() const noexcept;

Gets the lua_State* this reference exists in.

non-members

operators: reference comparators
bool operator==(const reference&, const reference&);
bool operator!=(const reference&, const reference&);

Compares two references using the Lua API’s lua_compare for equality.